2

Rural-Urban Scaling of Age, Mortality, Crime and Property Reveals a Loss of Expected Self-Similar Behaviour

The urban scaling hypothesis has improved our understanding of cities; however, rural areas have been neglected. We investigated rural-urban population density scaling in England and Wales using 67 indicators of crime, mortality, property, and age. …

City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil

The current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented example of how fast an infectious disease can spread around the globe (especially in urban areas) and the enormous impact it causes on public health and …

Anomalous diffusion and sorption-desorption process in complex fluid systems

Diffusion processes occurring in a myriad of systems sparkle great interest in understanding their general properties and applications. In this work, we investigate a broad set of diffusive systems that can be governed by a generalized diffusion …

Anomalous diffusion and random search in xyz-comb: exact results

We present an analytical treatment of anomalous diffusion in a three-dimensional comb (xyz-comb) by using the Green's function approach. We derive exact analytical solutions for the propagators for an instantaneous point injection and natural …

Learning physical properties of liquid crystals with deep convolutional neural networks

Machine learning algorithms have been available since the 1990s, but it is much more recently that they have come into use also in the physical sciences. While these algorithms have already proven to be useful in uncovering new properties of …

Quenched and Annealed Disorder Mechanisms in Comb-Models with Fractional Operators

Recent experimental findings on anomalous diffusion have demanded novel models that combine annealed (temporal) and quenched (spatial or static) disorder mechanisms. The comb-model is a simplified description of diffusion on percolation clusters, …

Gender difference in candidature processes for Brazilian elections

Researchers of several areas have reported that there are still significant gender differences in their performances within different social systems, as in science and on-line communities, for example. This paper focuses on the gender difference in …

Extensions and Solutions for Nonlinear Diffusion Equations and Random Walks

We investigate a connection between random walks and nonlinear diffusion equations within the framework proposed by Einstein to explain the Brownian motion. We show here how to properly modify such framework in order to handle different physical …

Characterizing stochastic time series with ordinal networks

Approaches for mapping time series to networks have become essential tools for dealing with the increasing challenges of characterizing data from complex systems. Among the different algorithms, the recently proposed ordinal networks stand out due to …

Effects of changing population or density on urban carbon dioxide emissions

The question of whether urbanization contributes to increasing carbon dioxide emissions has been mainly investigated via scaling relationships with population or population density. However, these approaches overlook the correlations between …